Qualifiers tell the access service how to format data that is inserted for a placeholder. If you do not supply a qualifier, the access service applies default transformations.
Qualification is required for date and time values. You can use the ?T, ?t, ?D, and ?d qualifiers for dates, or you can create a custom qualifier using special qualifiers. For information about special qualifiers, see “Special date and time qualifiers”.
Table 10-1 defines valid datatype qualifiers.
Placeholder/ Qualifier |
Definition |
|---|---|
?C |
Character string enclosed in quotes |
?N |
Numeric data, no quotes |
?D |
Standard format ASE datetime data enclosed in quotes |
?T |
Standard format ISO TIMESTAMP data enclosed in quotes, ‘YYYY-MM-DD-hh.mm.ss.nnnnnn’ |
?d |
‘mm/dd/yyyy’ |
?t |
‘hh:mm:ss’ |
?X |
Standard format ASE hexadecimal data (for example, 0xffee) used for transferring binary data |
?x |
Standard format hexadecimal data (for example, X’FFEE’) used for transferring binary data |
?y |
‘yy/mm/dd’ |
?G |
G‘<...>’ used for transferring graphic datatypes or formatting a graphic constant from binary character data |
?g |
GX‘<...>’ used for transferring graphic datatypes or formatting a graphic constant from binary character data (returns data in hexadecimal format) |
Table 10-2, Table 10-3, and Table 10-4 show the effects of qualifiers on datatypes.
For each table, special circumstances are detailed in
the text following the table.
Table 10-2 shows the effects of the ?C, ?N, ?D, and ?T qualifiers.
Open Server datatype |
Default |
Effects (by qualifier) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
?C |
?N |
?D |
?T |
||
CS_CHAR CS_VARCHAR CS_TEXT |
?C |
Quote |
No quote |
Convert to Open Server datetime string, quote |
Convert to ISO TIMESTAMP, quote |
CS_BIT, CS_INT1 CS_INT2 CS_ INT4 CS_REAL CS_FLOAT |
?N |
Convert to char, quote |
Convert to char, no quote |
n/a |
n/a |
CS_MONEY CS_MONEY4 CS_DECIMAL |
?N |
Convert to char, quote |
Convert to char, no quote |
n/a |
n/a |
CS_DATETIME CS_DATETIME4 |
?D |
’MON DD YYYY hh:mm’ [AM or PM] |
n/a |
’MON DD YYYY hh:mm:ss:nnn’ |
’YYYY-MM-DD-hh.mm.ss. nnnnnn’ |
For CS_CHAR, CS_VARCHAR, AND CS_TEXT used with the ?D qualifier:
If the source is an ISO TIMESTAMP, it is converted to ‘Mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:nnn’.
If it is an ISO DATE, it is converted to ‘Mon dd yy’.
If it is an ISO TIME, it is converted to ‘Mon dd yy hh:mm:ss’ using the value from the DefaultDate property as the date portion of the value.
For CS_CHAR, CS_VARCHAR, AND CS_TEXT used with the ?T qualifier, if the source is an ISO DATE or TIME, the DefaultDate and DefaultTime property values are used to fill in missing information.
Table 10-3 shows the effects of the ?y, ?d, ?t, and ?x qualifiers.
Open Server datatype |
Default |
Effects (by qualifier) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
?y |
?d |
?t |
?x |
||
CS_CHAR CS_VARCHAR CS_TEXT |
?C |
Convert and Quote |
Convert and Quote |
Convert and Quote |
Convert to hex; leading X’ trailing ’. For example, X’ab70’ |
CS_BIT, CS_INT1 CS_INT2 CS_INT4 CS_REAL CS_FLOAT CS_MONEY CS_MONEY4 CS_DECIMAL |
?N |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
CS_DATETIME CS_DATETIME4 |
?D |
’yy/mm/dd’ |
‘mm/dd/yyyy’ |
‘hh:mm:ss’ |
n/a |
CS_BINARY CS_VARBINARY CS_IMAGE |
?X or ?x |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
Convert to hex; leading X’ trailing ’. For example, X’ab70’ |
For CS_CHAR, CS_VARCHAR, AND CS_TEXT used with the ?y qualifier, if the source is an ISO DATE, TIME, or TIMESTAMP, it is converted to ‘yy/mm/dd’.
For CS_CHAR, CS_VARCHAR, AND CS_TEXT used with the ?d qualifier, if the source is an ISO DATE, TIME, or TIMESTAMP, it is converted to ‘mm/dd/yy’.
For CS_CHAR, CS_VARCHAR, AND CS_TEXT used with the ?t qualifier, if the source is an ISO DATE, TIME, or TIMESTAMP, it is converted to ‘hh:mm:ss’.
For all datatypes used with the ?x qualifier, if the target database is ODBC, ?x converts the data to the standard ODBC hexadecimal format (a quoted hexadecimal number with a leading X).
Table 10-4 shows the effects of the ?X and ?O qualifiers.
Open Server datatype |
Default |
Effects (by qualifier) |
|---|---|---|
?X |
||
CS_CHAR CS_VARCHAR CS_TEXT |
Convert to hex; leading 0x, no quote |
|
CS_BIT, CS_ INT1 CS_INT2 CS_INT4 CS_REAL CS_FLOAT CS_MONEY CS_MONEY4 CS_DECIMAL |
?N |
n/a |
CS_DATETIME CS_DATETIME4 |
?D |
n/a |
CS_BINARY CS_VARBINARY CS_IMAGE |
?X or ?x |
Convert to hex; leading 0x, no quote |
For CS_BINARY, CS_VARBINARY, AND CS_IMAGE datatypes used with the ?X qualifier, if the target database is ODBC, ?x converts the data to the standard ODBC hexadecimal format (a quoted hexadecimal number with a leading X):
